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Another study at the University of Missouri further examined Wal-Mart's specific impact on local employment, which found that an individual store's entry into a county increased net retail employment in that county by 100 jobs in the short term, with half of this increase disappearing as other retail establishments close or reduce employment over a five-year period, while still producing net gain of 50 jobs. Furthermore, Wal-Mart's low prices provide for an increase in real income. For example, one study has shown that Wal-Mart's discounting on food alone boosts the welfare of shoppers by at least $50 billion per year. A study in 2005 at MIT that measured the effect on consumer welfare found that the poorest segment of the population benefits the most from the existence of discount retailers.